unit system

Standard supported functions of Mad Pascal

author: Tomasz Biela (Tebe)


http://www.freepascal.org/docs-html/rtl/system/index-5.html

Constants:

name:value:description:
__PORTB_BANKS$0101memory banks array
M_PI_2pi*2
D_PI_2pi/2
D_PI_180pi/180
mGTIA0
mVBXE$80
// WINDOW$10text window
// NARROW$20narrow screen
VBXE_XDLADR$0000XDLIST
VBXE_BCBTMP$00E0BLITTER TEMP
VBXE_BCBADR$0100BLITTER LIST ADDRESS
VBXE_MAPADR$1000COLOR MAP ADDRESS
VBXE_CHBASE$1000CHARSET BASE ADDRESS
VBXE_OVRADR$5000OVERLAY ADDRESS
VBXE_WINDOW$B0004K WINDOW $B000..$BFFF
iDLI0set new DLI vector
iVBL1set new VBL vector
iTIM12set new IRQ TIMER1 vector
iTIM23set new IRQ TIMER2 vector
iTIM44set new IRQ TIMER4 vector
CH_DELCHRchr($FE)delete char under the cursor
CH_ENTERchr($9B)
CH_ESCchr($1B)
CH_CURS_UPchr(28)
CH_CURS_DOWNchr(29)
CH_CURS_LEFTchr(30)
CH_CURS_RIGHTchr(31)
CH_TABchr($7F)tabulator
CH_EOLchr($9B)end-of-line marker
CH_CLRchr($7D)clear screen
CH_BELLchr($FD)bell
CH_DELchr($7E)back space (delete char to the left)
CH_DELLINEchr($9C)delete line
CH_INSLINEchr($9D)insert line
PAL_PMCOLOR00palette index Palette[..] , HPalette[..]
PAL_PMCOLOR11
PAL_PMCOLOR22
PAL_PMCOLOR33
PAL_COLOR04
PAL_COLOR15
PAL_COLOR26
PAL_COLOR37
PAL_COLBAK8
COLOR_BLACK$00
COLOR_WHITE$0e
COLOR_RED$32
COLOR_CYAN$96
COLOR_VIOLET$68
COLOR_GREEN$c4
COLOR_BLUE$74
COLOR_YELLOW$ee
COLOR_ORANGE$28
COLOR_BROWN$e4
COLOR_LIGHTRED$3c
COLOR_GRAY1$04
COLOR_GRAY2$06
COLOR_GRAY3$0a
COLOR_LIGHTGREEN$cc
COLOR_LIGHTBLUE$7c
fmOpenRead$04
fmOpenWrite$08
fmOpenAppend$09
fmOpenReadWrite$0c
threehalfs: single1.5

Types:

name:type:description:
TStringstring[32]
TSizerecord cx, cy: smallint endTSize is a type to describe the size of a rectangular area, where cx is the width, cy is the height (in pixels) of the rectangle.
TRectrecord left, top, right, bottom: smallint endTRect is a type to describe a rectangular area.
TPointrecord x,y: SmallInt endThis record describes a coordinate.
TDateTimerecord yy,mm,dd,h,m,s: byte endThis record describes Date-Time.
TLastArcCoordsrecord x,y,xstart,ystart,xend,yend: smallint end
PtrUIntword
PBoolean^Boolean
PByte^byte
PWord^word
PLongWord^cardinal
PCardinal^cardinal
PSmallint^smallint
PInteger^integer
PSingle^single
PFloat16^float16
PString^string
PByteArray^byte
PWordArray^word

Register Variables:

name:address:type:description:
[volatile] Rnd$d20abyte
Palette704array [0..8] of byte
HPalette$d012array [0..8] of byte

Global Variables:

name:type:description:
ScreenWidthsmallint = 40current screen width
ScreenHeightsmallint = 24current screen height
GraphModebytecurrent screen mode
IOResultbyteresult of last file IO operation
EoLnBooleanend of line status

Interface:

name:description:
RunError

procedure RunError(a: byte);


Print error message
    parameters:
  • a - error number
HexStr

function HexStr(Value: cardinal; Digits: byte): TString; register; assembler;


Convert cardinal value to string with hexadecimal representation.
    parameters:
  • Value
  • Digits
    • returns:
  • string[32]
Peek

function Peek(a: word): byte; register; stdcall; assembler;


Reads BYTE from the desired memory address
    parameters:
  • a - memory address
    • returns:
  • byte
DPeek

function DPeek(a: word): word; register; stdcall; assembler;


Reads WORD from the desired memory address
    parameters:
  • a - memory address
    • returns:
  • word
Abs

function Abs(x: Real): Real; register; assembler; overload;


Abs returns the absolute value of a variable.
The result of the function has the same type as its argument, which can be any numerical type.
    parameters:
  • x - Real (Q24.8)
    • returns:
  • Real (Q24.8)
Abs

function Abs(x: Single): Single; register; assembler; overload;


Abs returns the absolute value of a variable.
The result of the function has the same type as its argument, which can be any numerical type.
    parameters:
  • x - Single
    • returns:
  • Single
Abs

function Abs(x: float16): float16; register; assembler; overload;


Abs returns the absolute value of a variable.
The result of the function has the same type as its argument, which can be any numerical type.
    parameters:
  • x - Single
    • returns:
  • Single
Abs

function Abs(x: shortint): shortint; register; assembler; overload;


Abs returns the absolute value of a variable.
The result of the function has the same type as its argument, which can be any numerical type.
    parameters:
  • x - shortint
    • returns:
  • shortint
Abs

function Abs(x: smallint): smallint; register; assembler; overload;


Abs returns the absolute value of a variable.
The result of the function has the same type as its argument, which can be any numerical type.
    parameters:
  • x - smallint
    • returns:
  • smallint
Abs

function Abs(x: Integer): Integer; register; assembler; overload;


Abs returns the absolute value of a variable.
The result of the function has the same type as its argument, which can be any numerical type.
    parameters:
  • x - Integer
    • returns:
  • Integer
Sqr

function Sqr(x: Real): Real; overload;


Sqr returns the square of its argument X
    parameters:
  • x - Real (Q24.8)
    • returns:
  • Real (Q24.8)
Sqr

function Sqr(x: Single): Single; overload;


Sqr returns the square of its argument X
    parameters:
  • x - Single
    • returns:
  • Single
Sqr

function Sqr(x: integer): integer; overload;


Sqr returns the square of its argument X
    parameters:
  • x - integer
    • returns:
  • integer
Sqrt

function Sqrt(x: Real): Real; overload;


Sqrt returns the square root of its argument X, which must be positive
    parameters:
  • x - Real (Q24.8)
    • returns:
  • Real (Q24.8)
Sqrt

function Sqrt(x: Single): Single; overload;


Sqrt returns the square root of its argument X, which must be positive
    parameters:
  • x - Single
    • returns:
  • Single
Sqrt

function Sqrt(x: float16): float16; overload;


Sqrt returns the square root of its argument X, which must be positive
    parameters:
  • x - Single
    • returns:
  • Single
Sqrt

function Sqrt(x: Integer): Single; overload;


Sqrt returns the square root of its argument X, which must be positive
    parameters:
  • x - integer
    • returns:
  • integer
iSqrt

function iSqrt(number: Single): Single;


Fast inverse square root
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_inverse_square_root
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szybka_odwrotno%C5%9B%C4%87_pierwiastka_kwadratowego
    parameters:
  • number - Single
    • returns:
  • Single
ArcTan

function ArcTan(value: real): real; overload;


Arctan returns the Arctangent of Value, which can be any Real type.
The resulting angle is in radial units.
    parameters:
  • value - Real (Q24.8)
    • returns:
  • Real (Q24.8)
ArcTan

function ArcTan(value: single): single; overload;


Arctan returns the Arctangent of Value, which can be any Real type.
The resulting angle is in radial units.
    parameters:
  • value - Real (Q24.8)
    • returns:
  • Real (Q24.8)
Exp

function Exp(x: Real): Real; overload;


Exp returns the exponent of X, i.e. the number e to the power X.
https://www.codeproject.com/Tips/311714/Natural-Logarithms-and-Exponent
    parameters:
  • x - Real (Q24.8)
    • returns:
  • Real (Q24.8)
Exp

function Exp(x: Float): Float; overload;


Exp returns the exponent of X, i.e. the number e to the power X.
https://www.codeproject.com/Tips/311714/Natural-Logarithms-and-Exponent
    parameters:
  • x - Float (Single)
    • returns:
  • Float (Single)
Ln

function Ln(x: Real): Real; overload;


Ln returns the natural logarithm of the Real parameter X. X must be positive.
https://www.codeproject.com/Tips/311714/Natural-Logarithms-and-Exponent
    parameters:
  • x - Real (Q24.8)
    • returns:
  • Real (Q24.8)
Ln

function Ln(x: Float): Float; overload;


Ln returns the natural logarithm of the Real parameter X. X must be positive.
https://www.codeproject.com/Tips/311714/Natural-Logarithms-and-Exponent
    parameters:
  • x - Float (Single)
    • returns:
  • Float (Single)
FileSize

function FileSize(var f: file): cardinal; assembler;


Size of file (SDX only)
    parameters:
  • f - file handle
    • returns:
  • cardinal
FilePos

function FilePos(var f: file): cardinal; assembler;


Get position in file (SDX only)
    parameters:
  • f - file handle
    • returns:
  • cardinal
Seek

procedure Seek(var f: file; a: cardinal); assembler;


Set file position (SDX only)
    parameters:
  • f - file handle
  • a - new position
Eof

function Eof(var f: file): Boolean;


Check for end of file
    parameters:
  • f - file handle
    • returns:
  • TRUE if the file-pointer has reached the end of the file
IsLetter

function IsLetter(A: char): Boolean;


Check if A is a letter.
    parameters:
  • A - char
    • returns:
  • Boolean
IsDigit

function IsDigit(A: char): Boolean;


Check if A is a digit.
    parameters:
  • A - char
    • returns:
  • Boolean
LowerCase

function LowerCase(a: char): char;


Converts a character to lowercase
    parameters:
  • a - char
    • returns:
  • char
UpCase

function UpCase(a: char): char;


Converts a character to uppercase
    parameters:
  • a - char
    • returns:
  • char
Val

procedure Val(s: PString; var v: integer; var code: byte); assembler; overload;


Calculate numerical value of a string
    parameters:
  • s - string
  • v - pointer to integer - result
  • code - pointer to integer - error code
Val

procedure Val(s: PString; var v: real; var code: byte); overload; //register;


Calculate numerical value of a string
    parameters:
  • s - string
  • v - pointer to real - result
  • code - pointer to integer - error code
Val

procedure Val(s: PString; var v: single; var code: byte); overload; //register;


Calculate numerical value of a string
    parameters:
  • s - string
  • v - pointer to integer - result
  • code - pointer to integer - error code
FloatToStr

function FloatToStr(a: real): TString; stdcall; assembler;


Convert a float value to a string
    parameters:
  • a - Real (Q24.8)
    • returns:
  • string[32]
Str

procedure Str(a: integer; var s: TString); overload; stdcall; assembler;


Convert a numerical value to a string
    parameters:
  • a - integer
  • s - string[32] - result
Str

procedure Str(a: cardinal; var s: TString); overload; stdcall; assembler;


Convert a numerical value to a string
    parameters:
  • a - integer
  • s - string[32] - result
Poke

procedure Poke(a: word; value: byte); register; stdcall; assembler;


Store BYTE at the desired memory address
    parameters:
  • a - memory address
  • value (0..255)
DPoke

procedure DPoke(a: word; value: word); register; stdcall; assembler;


Store WORD at the desired memory address
    parameters:
  • a - memory address
  • value (0..65535)
FillChar

procedure FillChar(a: pointer; count: word; value: char); assembler; register; overload; inline;


Fills the memory starting at A with Count Characters with value equal to Value
    parameters:
  • a - pointer
  • count
  • value - Char
FillChar

procedure FillChar(a: pointer; count: word; value: byte); assembler; register; overload; inline;


Fills the memory starting at A with Count Characters with value equal to Value
    parameters:
  • a - pointer
  • count
  • value - Byte
FillChar

procedure FillChar(a: pointer; count: word; value: Boolean); assembler; register; overload; inline;


Fills the memory starting at A with Count Characters with value equal to Value
    parameters:
  • a - pointer
  • count
  • value - Boolean
FillChar

procedure FillChar(var a; count: word; value: Boolean); assembler; register; overload; inline;


Fills the memory starting at A with Count Characters with value equal to Value
    parameters:
  • a - array
  • count
  • value - Boolean
FillChar

procedure FillChar(var a; count: word; value: Byte); assembler; register; overload; inline;


Fills the memory starting at A with Count Characters with value equal to Value
    parameters:
  • a - array
  • count
  • value - Boolean
FillByte

procedure FillByte(a: pointer; count: word; value: byte); assembler; register; inline;


Fills the memory starting at A with Count Characters with value equal to Value
    parameters:
  • a - pointer
  • count
  • value - Byte
Move

procedure Move(source, dest: pointer; count: word); assembler; register; overload; inline;


Moves Count bytes from Source to Dest
    parameters:
  • source - pointer
  • dest - pointer
  • count - word
    • returns:
  • cardinal
Move

procedure Move(var source, dest; count: word); assembler; register; overload; inline;



    Move

    procedure Move(var source; dest: pointer; count: word); assembler; register; overload; inline;



      Move

      procedure Move(source: pointer;var dest; count: word); assembler; register; overload; inline;



        Sin

        function Sin(x: Real): Real; overload;


        Calculate sine of angle
          parameters:
        • X - angle in radians (Q24.8)
          • returns:
        • Q24.8
        Cos

        function Cos(x: Real): Real; overload;


        Calculate cosine of angle
          parameters:
        • X - angle in radians (Q24.8)
          • returns:
        • Q24.8
        Sin

        function Sin(x: single): single; overload;


        Calculate sine of angle
          parameters:
        • X - angle in radians (Single)
          • returns:
        • Single
        Cos

        function Cos(x: single): single; overload;


        Calculate cosine of angle
          parameters:
        • X - angle in radians (Single)
          • returns:
        • Single
        Sin

        function Sin(x: float16): float16; overload;


        Calculate sine of angle
          parameters:
        • X - angle in radians (Single)
          • returns:
        • Single
        Cos

        function Cos(x: float16): float16; overload;


        Calculate cosine of angle
          parameters:
        • X - angle in radians (Single)
          • returns:
        • Single
        Space

        function Space(b: Byte): ^string; assembler;


        Return a string of spaces
          parameters:
        • b - number of spaces
          • returns:
        • pointer to string
        StringOfChar

        function StringOfChar(c: Char; l: byte): ^string; assembler;


        Return a string consisting of 1 character repeated N times.
          parameters:
        • c - character
        • l - counter (BYTE)
          • returns:
        • pointer to string
        SetLength

        procedure SetLength(var S: string; Len: byte); register; assembler;


        Set length of a string.
          parameters:
        • S - string
        • len - new length (BYTE)
        BinStr

        function BinStr(Value: cardinal; Digits: byte): TString; assembler;


        Convert integer to string with binary representation.
          parameters:
        • Value - Cardinal
        • Digits - Byte
          • returns:
        • string[32]
        OctStr

        function OctStr(Value: cardinal; Digits: byte): TString; assembler;


        Convert integer to a string with octal representation.
          parameters:
        • Value - Cardinal
        • Digits - Byte
          • returns:
        • string[32]
        Delete

        procedure Delete(var s: string; index, count: byte);


        Delete removes Count characters from string S, starting at position Index.
          parameters:
        • sindex count
        Pos

        function Pos(c: char; s: string): byte; overload;


        Pos returns the index of Substr in S, if S contains Substr. In case Substr isn't found, 0 is returned. The search is case-sensitive.
          parameters:
        • c - char (Substr)s - string
        Pos

        function Pos(s1: string; s2: string): byte; overload;


        Pos returns the index of Substr in S, if S contains Substr. In case Substr isn't found, 0 is returned. The search is case-sensitive.
          parameters:
        • s1 - string (Substr)s2 - string
        Concat

        function Concat(a,b: PString): string; assembler; overload;


        Append one string to another.
          parameters:
        • a - first string
        • b - second string
          • returns:
        • string (a+b)
        Concat

        function Concat(a: PString; b: char): string; assembler; overload;



          Concat

          function Concat(a: char; b: PString): string; assembler; overload;



            Concat

            function Concat(a,b: char): string; overload;



              Copy

              function Copy(var S: String; Index: Byte; Count: Byte): string; assembler;



                Swap

                function Swap(a: word): word; overload;


                Swap high and low bytes of a variable
                  parameters:
                • a - word
                  • returns:
                • word
                Swap

                function Swap(a: cardinal): cardinal; overload;


                Swap high and low words of a variable
                  parameters:
                • a - cardinal
                  • returns:
                • cardinal
                GetMem

                procedure GetMem(var p; size: word); assembler; register;


                Getmem reserves Size bytes memory, and returns a pointer to this memory in p.
                  parameters:
                • p - pointer
                • size
                FreeMem

                procedure FreeMem(var p; size: word); assembler; register;


                Freemem releases the memory occupied by the pointer P
                  parameters:
                • p - pointer
                • size
                CompareByte

                function CompareByte(P1,P2: PByte; Len: word): smallint; register; overload;


                Compare 2 memory buffers byte per byte
                  parameters:
                • P1, P2 - pointer
                • Len - length
                CompareByte

                function CompareByte(P1,P2: PByte; Len: byte): smallint; register; overload;


                Compare 2 memory buffers byte per byte
                  parameters:
                • P1, P2 - pointer
                • Len - length
                NtoBE

                function NtoBE(AValue: word): word; overload;


                Convert Native-ordered integer to a Big Endian-ordered integer
                https://www.freepascal.org/docs-html/rtl/system/ntobe.html
                  parameters:
                • AValue - Word
                NtoBE

                function NtoBE(AValue: cardinal): cardinal; overload;


                Convert Native-ordered integer to a Big Endian-ordered integer
                  parameters:
                • AValue - Cardinal

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