In the Mad-Pascal LIB there are basic UNIT modules needed for compilation, such as SYSTEM CRT GRAPH SYSUTILS MATH DOS. The module is selected by the USES instructions, e.g.:
uses crt, sysutils;
The SYSTEM module is added to the USES list by default and compiled first.
SYSTEM
Constants
M_PI_2 = 6.283285; // pi * 2
D_PI_2 = 1.570796; // pi / 2
D_PI_180 = 0.017453; // pi / 180
mGTIA = 0;
mVBXE = $80;
WINDOW = $10;
NARROW = $20;
VBXE_XDLADR = $0000; // XDLIST
VBXE_MAPADR = $1000; // COLOR MAP ADDRESS
VBXE_BCBADR = $0100; // BLITTER LIST ADDRESS
VBXE_OVRADR = $5000; // OVERLAY ADDRESS
VBXE_WINDOW = $B000; // 4K WINDOW $B000..$BFFF
iDLI = 0;
iVBL = 1;
CH_DELCHR = $FE;
CH_ENTER = $9B;
CH_ESC = $1B;
CH_CURS_UP = 28;
CH_CURS_DOWN = 29;
CH_CURS_LEFT = 30;
CH_CURS_RIGHT = 31;
CH_TAB = $7F;
CH_EOL = $9B;
CH_CLR = $7D;
CH_BEL = $FD;
CH_DEL = $7E;
CH_DELLINE = $9C;
CH_INSLINE = $9D;
COLOR_BLACK = $00;
COLOR_WHITE = $0e;
COLOR_RED = $32;
COLOR_CYAN = $96;
COLOR_VIOLET = $68;
COLOR_GREEN = $c4;
COLOR_BLUE = $74;
COLOR_YELLOW = $ee;
COLOR_ORANGE = $4a;
COLOR_BROWN = $e4;
COLOR_LIGHTRED = $3c;
COLOR_GRAY1 = $04;
COLOR_GRAY2 = $06;
COLOR_GRAY3 = $0a;
COLOR_LIGHTGREEN = $cc;
COLOR_LIGHTBLUE = $7c;
Types
TPoint
TPoint = record x,y: SmallInt end;
Definition of coordinates (X, Y).
TRect
TRect = record left, top, right, bottom: smallint end;
Definition of the position and size of a quadrangle with parameters (left, top) - upper-left corner, (right, bottom) - lower-right corner.
TString
TString = string[32];
Definition of a short character string used to pass file names, etc.
Variables
IOResult
IOResult: byte;
Variable stores the last I/O operation error. Error codes I/O.
ScreenWidth
ScreenWidth: word = 40
Variable storing the current width of the screen. By default, this is a value of 40 for the editor screen.
ScreenHeight: word = 24;
ScreenHeight
Variable storing the current height of the screen. By default, this is a value of 24 for the editor screen.
Procedures and functions
Abs ArcTan Assign BinStr Concat
Blockread Blockwrite Chr Cos Close
Dec DeleteFile DPeek DPoke Eof
Exit Exp FilePos FileSize FillChar
Frac GetIntVec Halt Hi HexStr
Inc Ln Lo LowerCase Move
OctStr Odd Ord ParamCount ParamStr
Pause Peek Point PointsEqual Poke
Pred Random ReadConfig ReadSecto Rect
RenameFile Reset Rewrite Round Seek
SetLength SetIntVec Sin Succ Space
SizeOf Str StringOfChar Sqr Sqrt
Trunc UpCase Val WriteSector
Abs
function Abs(x: real): real;
function Abs(x: integer): integer;
A function that calculates the absolute value of the given number (ang. Absolute value). The absolute value of a non-negative number is the same number, and the negative number is the opposite. The function, when given its total argument, returns the result of the total type.
ArcTan
function ArcTan(x: real): real;
Function (arcus tangents) returns the value of the angle whose tangent is x.
Assign
procedure Assign(var F:File; FileName:string)
The procedure assigns a file variable F with a name FileName. To be able to refer to a file, you should always first use the Assign procedure. For further operations, the file is identified by the file variable, not the name.
BinStr
function BinStr(Value: cardinal; Digits: byte): TString;
Function returns character string with binary representation of value Value. Digits specifies the length of the string, which can number a maximum of 32 characters.
Concat
function Concat(a,b: string): string; assembler
function Concat(a: string; b: char): string; assembler;
function Concat(a: char; b: string): string; assembler;
function Concat(a,b: char): string;
The function combines two text strings into a new character string.
Blockread
procedure BlockRead(var f: file; var Buf; Count: word; var Result: word);
The procedure reads from file f into variable Buf, not more than Count bytes, and places the number of actual bytes read into variable Result (which may be smaller than expected, for example, due to the actual length of the file).
Blockwrite
procedure BlockWrite(var f: file; var Buf; Count: word; var Result: word);
The procedure saves to a file from the variable Buf not more than Count bytes.
Chr
Chr(65); // Returns the char 'A'
Chr(90); // Returns the char 'Z'
Chr(32); // Returns the char ' '
Writeln(#65); // Character 'A'
Writeln(#65#32#65); // Will write 'A Z'
Function returns the character Char with the corresponding ATASCII code specified in the parameter. Alternatively with the function Chr, if you want to get the right character, we can use its ATASCII code with a preceding #.
Cos
function Cos(x: real): real;
Cosinus angle, x in Radians.
Close
procedure Close(var f: file);
The procedure for closing the open file of any type. Each file open with the 'Reset' or 'Rewrite' should be closed with procedure 'Close'.
Dec
procedure Dec(var X [, N: int]);
The procedure reduces the value of the parameter X...1 or the parameter value N...X. Parameter can be the type CHAR BYTE WORD CARDINAL. The Dec procedure generates optimal code, it is recommended for use in loops instead of the subtraction operator '-'.
dec(tmp);
dec(tmp[2]);
DeleteFile
function DeleteFile(FileName: string): Boolean;
The function allows you to delete the file from the disk called Filename, returns TRUE when the operation was successful, FALSE in the event of an error (most often due to the protection against saving or erroneous file name).
DPeek
function DPeek(a: word): word;
This function returns the word from address a.
DPoke
procedure DPoke(a: word; value: word);
This procedure saves the word value to address a.
Eof
function Eof(var f: file): Boolean;
The function returns the logical value True if the end of the file has been reached.
Exit
Calling of the procedure Exit it immediately leaves the program block where the call occurred. It can be used to leave the loop, exit the procedure/function or the main program.
Exp
function Exp(x: real): real;
Function increasing the number e (=2.71) to the power given by the argument x.
FilePos
function FilePos(var f: file): cardinal;
The function returns the current position of the file. The file cannot be textual and must be open (e.g. command Reset). The Bits 0..15 returned value is the number of the disk sector, bits 16..23 position in the sector [0..255]. This is the equivalent of instructions NOTE.
FileSize
function FileSize(var f: file): cardinal;
The function returns the length of the file in bytes (Sparta DOS X). The file cannot be textual and must be open (e.g. command Reset).
FillChar
procedure FillChar(x: pointer; count: word; value: char);
The procedure fills in the buffer specified in the parameter x with identical chars or bytes. Parameter value specifies the data, by count - the amount of data that will be assigned to the buffer.
var
Buffer : array[0..100] of Char;
begin
FillChar(Buffer, SizeOf(Buffer), 'A');
end.
Frac
function Frac(x: real): real;
Returns the fractional part of the number x in the real form.
GetIntVec
procedure GetIntVec(intno: byte; var vector: pointer);
The procedure reads the address of the interrupt vector according to the INTNO code. Currently, the permissible codes are: iDLI Display List interrupt, iVBL Vertical Blank interrupt.
Halt
procedure halt;
Calling causes an immediate exit from the program. You can (optionally) enter an error code, in the case of MP it is ignored.
Hi
function Hi(x): byte
Function returning the high-byte of parameter x.
HexStr
function HexStr(Value: cardinal; Digits: byte): TString;
The function returns the character string with the hexadecimal representation of Value. Digits determines the length of the string, which can have a maximum of 32 characters.
Inc
Inc procedure Inc(var X [, N: int]);
The procedure increases the value of the parameter X by 1 or by the value of parameter N. The value of the X parameter can be the type CHAR BYTE WORD CARDINAL. The Inc procedure generates optimal code, so it is recommended for use in loops instead of adding +.
inc(tmp);
inc(tmp[2]);
Int
function Int(x: real): real;
The function returns the total part of the argument that is a real number.
Ln
function Ln(x: real): real;
Natural logarithm function (based on e) from the given number. The argument of the function must be positive !
Lo
function Lo(x): byte;
Function returning the low-byte of parameter x.
LowerCase
function LowerCase(a: char): char;
Function changing the characters 'A'..'Z' to the corresponding lowercase characters 'a'..'z'.
Move
procedure Move(source, dest: pointer; count: word);
The procedure is used to copy data from the source, Source, to the specified buffer, Dest. The amount of copied data is determined by the Count parameter.
OctStr
function OctStr(Value: cardinal; Digits: byte): TString;
The function returns the character string with the octal representation of value. Digits determines the length of the string, which can have a maximum of 32 characters.
Odd
function Odd(x: cardinal): Boolean;
function Odd(x: integer): Boolean;
The function returns the value of True if the number specified in the X parameter is odd, false if it is even.
Ord
function Ord(X);
This function works inversely to Chr. From the given character parameter, its ATASCII value is returned.
Ord('A'); // Zwraca 65
Ord('Z'); // Zwraca 90
Ord(' '); // Zwraca 32
ParamCount
function ParamCount: byte;
The function returns the number of available arguments (Sparta Dos X, BWDos), i.e. the maximum index for the ParamStr procedure. ParamCount determines the number of parameters transferred to the program from the command line.
ParamStr
function ParamStr(Index: byte): TString;
The function returns the program parameters (Sparta Dos X, BWDos). Index is the parameter number, i.e. the sequence of characters separated by a space.
If we run the TEST.EXE program in this way:
TEST.EXE parametr1 parametr2 parametr3
To get a parameter3, enter Index=3, and to get the parameter1 you need Index=1. Index=0 is a special argument, then the function returns the drive from which the program was launched, e.g.D1:.
Pause
procedure Pause;
procedure Pause(n: word);
The procedure stops the program operation on N * 1.50 seconds.
Peek
function Peek(a: word): byte;
The function returns a byte from the address a.
Point
function Point(AX, AY: smallint): TPoint;
Function uses the parameters AX and AY to create a TPOINT record.
PointsEqual
function PointsEqual(const P1, P2: TPoint): Boolean;
The function checks whether the coordinate values specified in the parameters P1 and P2 are equal. In this case, the function returns the value of True.
Poke
procedure Poke(a: word; value: byte);
The procedure writes value into address a.
Pred
function Pred(X: TOrdinal): TOrdinal;
Predecessor of the X element.
Random
function Random: Real; assembler;
The function returns random value between <0..1>.
function Random(range: byte): byte; assembler;
The function returns random value between <0 .. range-1>, in the case of Range=0 returns the random value from between <0 .. 255>.
function Random(range: smallint): smallint;
The function returns a random value between <0 .. range-1>.
ReadConfig
function ReadConfig(devnum: byte): cardinal;
Reading the status of device devnum. The result is four bytes DVSTAT ($02EA..$02ED).
Byte 0 ($02ea):
Bit 0:Indicates the last command frame had an error.
Bit 1:Checksum, indicates that there was a checksum error in the last command or data frame
Bit 2:Indicates that the last operation by the drive was in error.
Bit 3:Indicates a write protected diskette. 1=Write protect
Bit 4:Indicates the drive motor is on. 1=motor on
Bit 5:A one indicates MFM format (double density)
Bit 6:Not used
Bit 7:Indicates Density and a Half if 1
Byte 1 ($02eb):
Bit 0:FDC Busy should always be a 1
Bit 1:FDC Data Request should always be 1
Bit 2:FDC Lost data should always be 1
Bit 3:FDC CRC error, a 0 indicates the last sector read had a CRC error
Bit 4:FDC Record not found, a 0 indicates last sector not found
Bit 5:FDC record type, a 0 indicates deleted data mark
Bit 6:FDC write protect, indicates write protected disk
Bit 7:FDC door is open, 0 indicates door is open
Byte 2 ($2ec):
Timeout value for doing a format.
Byte 3 ($2ed):
not used, should be zero
ReadSector
procedure ReadSector(devnum: byte; sector: word; var buf);
The procedure reads the Sector sector of disk devnum and saves it into buf buffer.
Rect
function Rect(ALeft, ATop, ARight, ABottom: smallint): TRect;
The function creates a `TRect' record based on parameters.
RenameFile
function RenameFile(OldName, NewName: string): Boolean;
The function allows you to change the name of the Oldname file to the new name Newname, returns TRUE when the operation was successful, FALSE in the event of an error (most often due to protection against saving or erroneous file name).
RenameFile('D:OLDNAME.TMP', 'NEWNAME.TMP');
Reset
procedure Reset(var f: file; l: Word);
The procedure opens an existing file with the name transferred to the f command Assign. Optionally, we can provide the size of the record in bytes l, by default it is 128.
Rewrite
procedure Rewrite(var f: file; l: Word);
The procedure creates and opens a new file. f is the name transferred by means of the Assign command. Optionally, we can provide the size of the record in bytes l, by default it is 128.
Round
function Round(x: real): integer;
The function rounds the given number to the nearest integer.
Seek
procedure Seek(var f: file; N: cardinal);
The procedure sets the position in the file to N. N should be a value returned by FilePos. This is the equivalent of the instructions POINT.
SetLength
procedure SetLength(var S: string; Len: byte);
The procedure sets the length of the sequence S to LEN.
SetIntVec
procedure SetIntVec(intno: Byte; vector: pointer);
The procedure sets the interrupt vector address according to code INTNO. Currently, the permissible codes are: iDLI interrupt DLI, iVBL interrupt VBL.
Sin
function Sin(x: real): real;
Sinus angle x in radians.
Succ
function Succ(X: TOrdinal): TOrdinal;
The successor of the X element.
Space
function Space(Len: Byte): ^char;
The function generates a new character string with a length of Len filled with spaces.
SizeOf
function SizeOf(X: AnyType): byte;
The function returns the size of the given variable (or type) in bytes.
Str
procedure Str(var X: TNumericType; var S: string);
The procedure converts the number X into a string of S.
StringOfChar
procedure StringOfChar(ch: Char; len: byte): ^char;
The function generates a new character string with the length of len filled with ch.
Sqr
function Sqr(x: real): real;
function Sqr(x: integer): integer;
Function calculating the square of the given number.
Sqrt
function Sqrt(x: real): real;
function Sqrt(x: single): single;
function Sqrt(x: integer): single;
Function calculating the square element given number (English Square root).
Trunc
function Trunc(x: real): integer;
The function returns the whole part of the number in the form of an integer.
UpCase
function UpCase(a: char): char;
A function changes the characters a..z to the corresponding large characters A..Z.
Val
procedure Val(const S: string; var V; var Code: Byte);
The procedure converts the string S into the number V. Code will take the value of 0 if there were no erroneous characters, otherwise it will take the signed number that caused a conversion error.
WriteSector
procedure WriteSector(devnum: byte; sector: word; var buf);
The procedure saves the sector sector floppy disks at the Devnum station based on the buff buffer.
CRT
Constants
CN_START_SELECT_OPTION = 0;
CN_SELECT_OPTION = 1;
CN_START_OPTION = 2;
CN_OPTION = 3;
CN_START_SELECT = 4;
CN_SELECT = 5;
CN_START = 6;
CN_NONE = 7;
Variables
Consol
Consol: byte absolute $d01f
The variable returns the code of the pressed key/keys.
TextAttr
TextAttr: byte = 0
The variable stores the value that is added to each displayed sign, e.g. Textattr = $80 will cause the characters to be displayed in inverse.
WhereX
WhereX: byte absolute $54;
The variable stores the current horizontal position of the cursor.
WhereY
WhereY: byte absolute $55;
The variable stores the current vertical position of the cursor.
Procedures and functions
ClrEol ClrScr CursorOff CursorOn Delay
DelLine GotoXY InsLine Keypressed NoSound
ReadKey Sound TextBackground TextColor
ClrEol
procedure ClrEol;
The procedure cleans the line from the current cursor position to the right side of the screen edge. The cursor position does not change.
ClrScr
procedure ClrScr;
The procedure clears the editor screen, performs the CH_CLR sign code.
CursorOff
procedure CursorOff;
The procedure turns off the cursor.
CursorOn
procedure CursorOn;
The procedure turns on the cursor.
Delay
procedure Delay(MS: Word);
The procedure awaits the given amount of miliseconds MS. Approximately Delay (1000) generates a delay of one second.
DelLine
procedure DelLine;
The procedure deletes the line at the current cursor position, performs the CH_DELLINE character code.
GotoXY
procedure GotoXY(x, y: byte);
The procedure sets the new cursor position.
InsLine
procedure InsLine;
The procedure inserts an empty line in the current cursor position, performs the CH_INSLIN sign code.
Keypressed
function Keypressed: Boolean;
The function returns the TRUE when a keyboard key has been pressed, otherwise it returns FALSE.
NoSound
procedure NoSound;
The procedure silences the channels of both POKEY-i $D200 $D210).
ReadKey
function ReadKey: char;
The function returns the code of the keyboard key.
Sound
procedure Sound(Chan,Freq,Dist,Vol: byte);
The procedure reproduces the sound on the POKEY-a CHAN (0..3, 4..7), with a frequency of FREQ (0..255), filters DIST (0..7),volume VOL (0..15).
TextBackground
procedure TextBackground(a: byte);
The procedure sets a new color background color (works best with VBXE).
TextColor
procedure TextColor(a: byte);
The procedure sets a new text color (works best with VBXE).
GRAPH
Constants
{ graphic drivers }
D1bit = 11;
D2bit = 12;
D4bit = 13;
D6bit = 14; // 64 colors Half-brite mode - Amiga
D8bit = 15;
D12bit = 16; // 4096 color modes HAM mode - Amiga
m640x480 = 8 + 16;
{ error codes }
grOK = 0;
grNoInitGraph = -1;
grNotDetected = -2;
grFileNotFound = -3;
grInvalidDriver = -4;
grNoLoadMem = -5;
grNoScanMem = -6;
grNoFloodMem = -7;
grFontNotFound = -8;
grNoFontMem = -9;
grInvalidMode = -10;
grError = -11;
grIOerror = -12;
grInvalidFont = -13;
grInvalidFontNum = -14;
grInvalidVersion = -18;
Variables
GraphResult
GraphResult : byte
Procedures and functions
Bar Bar3D Circle ClipLine Ellipse
FillEllipse FillRect FloodFill GetColor GetMaxX
GetMaxY GetPixel GetX GetY InitGraph
Line LineTo MoveRel MoveTo PutPixel
Rectangle SetBkColor SetClipRect SetColor SetColorMapEntry
SetColorMapDimensions
Bar
procedure Bar(x1, y1, x2, y2: Smallint);
A rectangle, e.g. for bolts.
Bar3D
procedure Bar3D(x1, y1, x2, y2: smallint; depth: word; top: boolean);
Post for three-dimensional charts.
Circle
procedure Circle(x0,y0,radius: word);
Circle.
ClipLine
procedure ClipLine(x1, y1, x2, y2: smallint);
Ellipse
procedure Ellipse(x0, y0, a, b: word);
Ellipse.
FillEllipse
procedure FillEllipse(x0, y0, a, b: word);
Ellipse filled inside.
FillRect
procedure FillRect(Rect: TRect);
A rectangle filled inside.
FloodFill
procedure FloodFill(x, y: smallint; color: byte);
Filling the closed area of the screen.
GetColor
function GetColor: byte; assembler;
Specify the current drawing color.
GetMaxX
function GetMaxX: word;
Fetch the highest X coordinate value on the screen.
GetMaxY
function GetMaxY: word;
Fetch the highest Y coordinate value on the screen.
GetPixel
function GetPixel(x,y: smallint): byte;
Fetch the color of a given point on the screen.
GetX
function GetX: smallint;
Get the current X coordinate of the graphic cursor.
GetY
function GetY: smallint;
Get the current Y coordinate of the graphic cursor.
InitGraph
procedure InitGraph(mode: byte);
procedure InitGraph(driver, mode: byte; pth: TString);
Initiate graphic mode.
Line
procedure Line(x0, y0, x1, y1: smallint);
A straight line.
LineTo
procedure LineTo(x, y: smallint);
The line from the current position of the cursor to the indicated point.
MoveRel
procedure MoveRel(Dx, Dy: smallint);
Move the graphic cursor by a relative distance.
MoveTo
procedure MoveTo(x, y: smallint);
Move the graphic cursor to the indicated point.
PutPixel
procedure PutPixel(x,y: smallint);
procedure PutPixel(x,y: smallint; color: byte);
Light the point on the screen.
Rectangle
procedure Rectangle(x1, y1, x2, y2: smallint);
procedure Rectangle(Rect: TRect);
Rectangle.
SetBkColor
procedure SetBkColor(color: byte);
Set the background color.
SetClipRect
procedure SetClipRect(x0,y0,x1,y1: smallint);
procedure SetClipRect(Rect: TRect);
SetColor
procedure SetColor(color: byte);
Set the pen color.
SetColorMapEntry
procedure SetColorMapEntry;
procedure SetColorMapEntry(a,b,c: byte);
SetColorMapDimensions
procedure SetColorMapDimensions(w,h: byte);
SYSUTILS
Constants
faReadOnly = $01;
faHidden = $02;
faSysFile = $04;
faVolumeID = $08;
faDirectory = $10;
faArchive = $20;
faAnyFile = $3f;
Types
TSearchRec
TSearchRec = record
Attr: Byte;
Name: TString;
FindHandle: Pointer;
end;
Procedures and functions
AnsiUpperCase Beep Click DeleteFile ExtractFileExt
FileExists FindFirst FindNext FindClose GetTickCount
IntToHex IntToStr RenameFile StrToFloat StrToInt
AnsiUpperCase
function AnsiUpperCase(const a: string): string;
The function converts the characters from the a string.
Beep
procedure Beep;
Beep signal (Buzzer).
Click
procedure Click;
Keyboard signal.
DeleteFile
function DeleteFile(var FileName: TString): Boolean;
The function will delete the file specified in the FileName parameter, returns True when the operation was successful.
ExtractFileExt
function ExtractFileExt(const FileName: string): TString;
Based on the file name or full path to the file specified in the FileName parameter, the function returns the extension (preceded by a dot - e.g. .txt).
FileExists
function FileExists(const FileName: string): Boolean;
The function checks that the file specified in the FileName parameter exists or not.
FindFirst
function FindFirst(const FileMask: TString; Attributes: Byte; var SearchResult: TSearchRec): byte;
The function searches for files matching the FileMask pattern and with attributes specified in Attributes. If files that match the template were found, the first of them is returned in the variable SerchResult.
FindNext
function FindNext(var f: TSearchRec): byte;
The function goes to the next record found earlier with the help of FindFirst. The parameter must be provided with a record that was previously used in the FindFirst function.
FindClose
procedure FindClose(var f: TSearchRec);
The procedure releases resources (memory) utilized by the FindFirst function. This procedure should be called each time after the search process is completed.
GetTickCount
function GetTickCount: cardinal;
GetTickCount returns the 24-bit time counter (PEEK(RTCLOK+2) + PEEK(RTCLOK+1)*256 + PEEK(RTCLOK)*65536). This is useful for measuring time.
IntToHex
function IntToHex(Value: cardinal; Digits: byte): TString;
The function converts the numerical value to its hexadecimal string equivalent.
IntToStr
function IntToStr(a: integer): ^char;
The function is used to convert the whole number given in the parameter to string format.
RenameFile
function RenameFile(var OldName,NewName: TString): Boolean;
The function tries to change the file name specified in the OldName parameter to NewName. If the operation is succeeded, the function will return the value of True otherwise False. It may happen that the function will not be able to change the name (e.g. when the application has no right to it) - then the function will return False.
StrToFloat
function StrToFloat(var s: TString): real;
The function converts the string to the Real floating point form.
StrToInt
function StrToInt(const S: char): byte;
function StrToInt (const S: TString): integer;
The function is used to convert the text saved in the S variable to an integer - if possible.
VBXE
The memory map for VBXE is defined in the SYSTEM module.
VBXE_XDLADR = $0000; // XDLIST
VBXE_MAPADR = $1000; // COLOR MAP ADDRESS
VBXE_BCBADR = $0100; // BLITTER LIST ADDRESS
VBXE_OVRADR = $5000; // OVERLAY ADDRESS
VBXE_WINDOW = $B000; // 4K WINDOW $B000..$BFFF
Constants
LoRes = 1; // 160x240x256c
MedRes = 2; // 320x240x256c
HiRes = 3; // 640x240x16c
Types
TUInt24
record
byte0: byte;
byte1: byte;
byte2: byte;
end;
24-bit type used to define memory addresses VBXE.
TXDL
record
xdlc_: word;
rptl_: byte;
xdlc: word;
rptl: byte;
ov_adr: TUInt24;
ov_step: word;
mp_adr: TUInt24;
mp_step: word;
mp_hscrol: byte;
mp_vscrol: byte;
mp_width: byte;
mp_height: byte;
ov_width: byte;
ov_prior: byte;
end;
Type TXDL used by the procedures GetXDL and SetXDL. It allows you to modify the program for VBXE used by MP.
TBCB
record
src_adr: TUInt24;
src_step_y: smallint;
src_step_x: shortint;
dst_adr: TUInt24;
dst_step_y: smallint;
dst_step_x: shortint;
blt_width: word;
blt_height: byte;
blt_and_mask: byte;
blt_xor_mask: byte;
blt_collision_mask: byte;
blt_zoom: byte;
pattern_feature: byte;
blt_control: byte;
end;
Type TBCB (21 bytes), Blitter Code Block. Definition of the Blitter block type Blitter VBXE.
TVBXEMemoryStream
Object
Position: cardinal;
Size: cardinal; // 0..Size-1
procedure Create;
procedure Clear;
procedure SetBank;
procedure ReadBuffer(var Buffer; Count: word);
procedure WriteBuffer(var Buffer; Count: word);
function ReadByte: Byte;
function ReadWord: Word;
function ReadDWord: Cardinal;
procedure WriteByte(b: Byte);
procedure WriteWord(w: Word);
procedure WriteDWord(d: Cardinal);
end;
The TVBXEMemoryStream object allows for linear access to memory VBXE.
Procedures and functions
BlitterBusy ColorMapOff ColorMapOn DstBCB ExtractFileExt
GetXDL IniBCB OverlayOff RunBCB SetHorizontalRes
VBXEMemoryBank SetXDL SrcBCB VBXEControl VBXEOff
BlitterBusy
function BlitterBusy: Boolean; assembler;
The function returns True if Blitter VBXE is occupied by performing a Blitter program.
ColorMapOff
procedure ColorMapOff; assembler;
Turning off the color map in the XDLIST for VBXE.
ColorMapOn
procedure ColorMapOn; assembler;
Turning on the color map in the XDLIST for VBXE.
DstBCB
procedure DstBCB(var a: TBCB; dst: cardinal);
The procedure amending the target address dst in the Blitter program a.
GetXDL
procedure GetXDL(var a: txdl); register; assembler;
The procedure prescribes to the variable A programXDLIST from the address VBXE_XDLADR in memory VBXE.
IniBCB
procedure IniBCB(var a: TBCB; src,dst: cardinal; w0, w1: smallint; w: word; h: byte; ctrl: byte);
The procedure allows you to initiate memory for the Blitter program at A. Additional parameters specify the address from which the SRC data will be copied, the target address of the copied data DST, width of W0, target W1 target window, size of the result window, its width W, height H, and to specify the final parameters of the Blitter block CTRL (Bit 3 CTRL is set up to the Blitter reading of the next program and its implementation).
OverlayOff
procedure OverlayOff; assembler;
Disabling overlay mode in the XDLIST.
RunBCB
procedure RunBCB(var a: TBCB); assembler;
Blitter starting VBXE based on the A program.
SetHorizontalRes
procedure SetHorizontalRes(a: byte); assembler;
procedure SetHRes(a: byte); assembler;
Establishment of overlay mode in the XDLIST program.
VBXEMemoryBank
procedure VBXEMemoryBank(b: byte); assembler;
Turning on 4K Bank VBXE in the memory window XE/XL $B000..$BCFF.
SetXDL
procedure SetXDL(var a: txdl); register; assembler;
The procedure rewrites the A program to VBXE_XDLADR in memory VBXE.
SrcBCB
procedure SrcBCB(var a: TBCB; src: cardinal);
Procedure amending the source address SRC_ADR in the Blitter program A.
VBXEControl
procedure VBXEControl(a: byte); assembler;
The procedure sets the value of FX_VIDEO_CONTROL.
VBXEOff
procedure VBXEOff
Disable, reset VBXE.
MATH
Procedures and functions
ArcCos ArcSin ArcTan2 Ceil CycleToRad
DegNormalize DegToGrad DegToRad DivMod EnsureRange
Floor FMod GradToDeg GradToRad InRange
IsNan Log2 Log10 LogN Max
Min Power RadToCycle RadToDeg RadToGrad
RandG RandomRange RandomRangeF Tan
ArcCos
function ArcCos(x: real): real;
Arccos is the opposite function for the COS function. The value of the parameter X must belong to the interval of both sides of the range <-1; 1>. The value returned by the function is the angle from <0; ?> expressed in the radians.
ArcSin
function ArcSin(x: real): real;
The function is used to calculate the mathematical function of the Arcus Sinus with the number X. This is the opposite function to the sine function, i.e. sin(arcsin(x)) = x.
ArcTan2
function ArcTan2(y, x: real) : real;
The function calculates Arcus Tangens (the opposite of Tangens) from the number Y/X and returns the value in radians.
Ceil
function Ceil(a: real): smallint;
The function returns the smallest integer larger than or equal to the one given in the parameter.
CycleToRad
function CycleToRad(cycle : real) : real;
The function converts the value of the angle expressed in cycles (revolutions) into an angle expressed in radians.
DegNormalize
function DegNormalize(deg : real) : real;
DegToGrad
function DegToGrad(deg : real) : real;
The function converts the value of the angle expressed in the degree of angle expressed in gradians.
DegToRad
function DegToRad(deg : real) : real;
The function converts the value of the angle expressed in the degree of angle expressed in the arc, i.e. radians.
DivMod
procedure DivMod(Dividend: integer; Divisor: Word; var r, Remainder: Word);
procedure DivMod(Dividend: integer; Divisor: Word; var r, Remainder: smallint);
EnsureRange
function EnsureRange(const AValue, AMin, AMax: byte): Integer;
function EnsureRange(const AValue, AMin, AMax: Integer): Integer;
Floor
function Floor(a: real): smallint;
The function returns the nearest integers less or equal to the one given in the parameter.
FMod
function FMod(a, b: real): real;
The function returns the rest of the division of two real numbers.
GradToDeg
function GradToDeg(grad : real) : real;
The function converts the value of the angle expressed in gradians into the angle expressed in the degrees.
GradToRad
function GradToRad(grad : real) : real;
The GradToRad function converts the value of the angle expressed in gradians into the angle expressed in radians.
InRange
function InRange(const AValue, AMin, AMax: byte): Boolean;
function InRange(const AValue, AMin, AMax: Integer): Boolean;
IsNan
function IsNan(const d : Single): Boolean;
The function checks whether the value of the parameter D is a proper number.
Log2
function log2(x : single): single;
The function returns the logarithm value at base 2 for the real parameter X>0.
Log10
function log10(x : single): single;
The function returns the value of the decimal logarithm (logarithm at base 10) for the real parameter X>0.
LogN
function logN(n,x : single): single;
The function returns the logarithm value at the base N>0 for the real parameter X>0.
Max
function Max(a, b: real): real;
function Max(a, b: integer): integer;
The overloaded function compares the values of two parameters: A and B, and returns the one that is larger.
Min
function Min(a, b: real): real;
function Min(a, b: integer): integer;
The overloaded function compares the values of two parameters A and B, and returns the value of the smaller one.
Power
function Power(base : real; const exponent : shortint): real;
power(base : integer; const exponent : shortint): integer;
The function increases the number to any power N, power can be a fraction.
RadToCycle
function RadToCycle(rad : real) : real;
The function converts the value of the angle expressed in radians into an angle expressed in cycles (revolutions).
RadToDeg
function RadToDeg(rad : real) : real;
The function converts the value of the angle expressed in radians into an angle expressed in degrees (DEG).
RadToGrad
function RadToGrad(rad : real) : real;
The function converts the value of the angle expressed in radians into an angle expressed in gradians.
RandG
function RandG(mean, StdDev : single) : single;
RandG is represented by a pseudo-number generator with the distribution Gaussa around the average mean. The StdDev parameter is the standard deviation of the generated numbers from the average value of mean.
RandomRange
function RandomRange(const aFrom, aTo: smallint): smallint;
The function returns a random number from the AFrom - ATo range, including the value of ATo.
RandomRangeF
function RandomRangeF(const min, max: single): single;
Tan
function Tan(x: Real): Real;
The function returns the value of the angle tangent given in the X parameter.